Effectively removing hazardous organic compounds from high-salinity wastewater remains a significant challenge due to competitive ion adsorption and energy-intensive adsorbent regeneration in conventional electrochemical systems. While electroenhanced adsorption technologies provide operational flexibility, their application in organic pollutant adsorption is hindered by anode corrosion and ion interference. Here, we propose a single-cathode electroenhanced adsorption strategy for organic pollutants that exploits the “short-board effect” of inorganic substances. By isolating the cathode and eliminating the anode, this design creates an asymmetric electric field that enriches organic sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) at the cathode while mitigating ion competition. The system achieves efficient sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) adsorption with low energy consumption (0.01 kWh/m3). Unlike conventional electrochemical regeneration requiring polarity reversal, a single-electrode system can achieve an acceptable continuous operation capability. This work introduces a novel approach to mitigate the interference of inorganic ions during the separation of organic compounds.