Capacitive deionization (CDI) is recognized as an innovative and environmentally friendly technology for seawater desalination, and the development of electrode materials playing a crucial role in CDI history. By conducting a scientometric analysis of academic papers on CDI electrode materials from 2010 to 2024, this study investigates the development of such materials through the identification and visualization of collaboration networks, reference co-citation networks, and keyword co-occurrence networks. The findings reveal an exponential growth in research output in this field. Notably, Faraday electrode materials, particularly MXenes, emerge as current research hotspots and are expected to dominate future investigations into CDI electrode materials. Furthermore, carbon-based materials exhibiting high performance continue to attract significant attention. It is anticipated that advancements in electrode material development will facilitate the practical implementation of CDI.