Water conservation remains a global challenge. The production of clean drinking water requires advanced methods and materials. Capacitive deionization (CDI) technology has become the most popular new water purification technology in the 21st century due to its high efficiency, economy, and environmental friendliness. Here, we review the application of CDI technology in drinking water quality purification. We focus on the deionization of different electrode materials for the removal of heavy metal ions, fluoride, nitrate, and disinfection by-product precursors from drinking water, including the removal efficiency, ion selectivity, and cycling stability of the electrode materials.