Soil column experiments in both saturated and unsaturated conditions are widely used for practical and theoretical research in a variety of domains, including the assessment of transport models, the fate and transport of pesticides, explosives, microorganisms, heavy metals, and non-aqueous phase liquids. And the application of models associated with experiments has grown in popularity, owing mostly to their predictive capacity. This paper discusses the complex interactions between saturated/unsaturated porous media and the mechanisms of contaminant migration in column experiments, with an emphasis on the relevant environmental factors affecting the migration of various types of contaminants in column experiments and an analytical summary of the mechanisms affecting contaminant migration factors. The modeling of contaminant transport in unsaturated and saturated groundwater zones is integrated and presented, and research on the coupling of related models with other modeling algorithms is presented. The assessment of regional-scale pollutant transport models is integrated with other assessment models and algorithms to arrive at the appropriate groundwater management options.